Urogenital system of shark. Urogenital System 2022-10-11
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The urogenital system of sharks is a complex system responsible for the production and excretion of waste products and for the reproductive functions of these aquatic creatures.
The urinary system of sharks consists of the kidneys, ureters, and the cloaca, which is a multifunctional chamber that serves as the terminal opening for the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. The kidneys of sharks are relatively small and simple compared to those of mammals, and their primary function is to maintain the balance of electrolytes and water in the body by filtering waste products from the blood. The ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the cloaca.
The reproductive system of sharks is also located in the cloaca. In male sharks, the testes are located within the body cavity and produce sperm, which is stored in a sac called the seminal vesicle. The sperm is then ejaculated through the cloaca during mating. Female sharks have a pair of ovaries that produce eggs, which are fertilized by the sperm of the male during mating. The fertilized eggs are then retained in the oviducts until they are ready to be laid.
Sharks exhibit a range of reproductive strategies, including oviparity (egg-laying), viviparity (live birth), and ovoviviparity (retention of eggs within the body until they hatch). Oviparous sharks lay eggs that are fertilized externally and protected by a tough, leathery case. Viviparous sharks give birth to live young, and the young receive nourishment from a yolk sac attached to the mother's body until they are born. Ovoviviparous sharks retain the fertilized eggs within the body until they hatch, at which point the young are born live.
In conclusion, the urogenital system of sharks plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the health and reproductive function of these fascinating creatures. Their kidneys help to maintain the balance of electrolytes and water in the body, and their reproductive system allows for the continuation of the species. Understanding the urogenital system of sharks can provide valuable insights into the biology and evolution of these remarkable animals.
Excretion
The two types of fertilization are internal and eternal fertilization. The mesoderm-derived organ has evolved from three different types of kidney throughout evolution. The posterior portion is involved in the manufacture and transport of urine. All of these accessory organs have evolved in order to ensure a better chance of fertilization. This triangle-shaped, hollow organ is located in the lower abdomen. The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons. Cloaca -The cloaca receives the genital and urinary products as well as the rectal wastes.
Sex organs helped transports the male gametes into the female gametes more efficiently. The top sample in the culture right was prepared from the urine of a patient with a urinary tract infection. The ovaries are suspended by a mesovarium, shown in Squalus, the female reproductive tubes are separate from the archinephric duct. Figure 2 Vertebrates: comparative anatomy, function, evolution 7th Ed. The reproductive system includes a variety of structures that are evolutionary stepping stones to higher vertebrate structures. There are three types of this fertilization. Retrieved from Reproductive system, human: male structure.
Due to the change in different environmental factors such as aquatic habitats to land habitat, forced different techniques to evolve. Some infections are introduced from outside, whereas others result from imbalances in the microbiota of the urogenital tract. This subclass shows a variety of primitive traits characteristic of vertebrates. The main difference lies in the anterior portion of the kidney, which in females is degenerate and functionless, but in males is an active part of the reproductive system Ductus Defernes Female -While in the female this duct carries urine, in the male it transports spermatozoa and seminal fluid. Sharks excrete through the same place where they havesexualintercourse through. Evolution of Reproductive system: In correlation to the kidney and the excretory process is the reproductive system.
The pronephros kidney is functional in only cyclostomes; they are a pair of rudimentary pronephric tubules that sprout out from the cervical end of the urogenital ridge Bandodkar,2014. Two major changes that must be looked at are the different fertilization techniques and accessory sex organs. From the claspers to the penis, as evolution progresses so does the greater chances of fertilization of the gametes. The first, most obvious primitive structure, is the cloaca, shown in Squalus is seen in higher vertebrate taxa. The Urogenital system is one of the most important systems across the board in all species. As species continued to evolve, so did the sex organs.
The urogenital system is made up of the uinary and reproductive systems. Kidney development: The main structure in the filtration and excretion of waste is the kidney. . Because both systems are open to the external environment, they are prone to infections. The reproductive process over time has changed greatly. Before life on land, all organisms survived primarily in the water.
During the 5th week of development degeneration of the mesonphirc tubules occurs throughout the different regions as it continues to develop in the lumbar region. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The purpose of the urinary system is to purify the body of its Nitrogenous waste. Without this system organisms would not be able to reproduce and spread their genes on to the next generation. Finally, the Metanephros kidney is found in reptiles, birds, and mammals. Sex organs in early vertebrates included claspers in cartilaginous fish.
Having to depend on water and never fully being able to stray on land forced early vertebrates to fertilize their offspring externally. Urinary tract infections UTIs are one the most common bacterial infections worldwide, affecting over 100 million people each year. In contrast internal fertilization is when the sperm from the male fertilizes the egg within the female. Accessed December 5, 2014. Mesonephros kidney is the next evolving structure. This process starts at the posterior end of the mesonephric duct as a small bud called the metanephric bud. Once organisms like tetrapods were able to survive on land, internal fertilization began to occur leading to ammonites, reptiles and mammalians having internal fertilization Boundless,2014.
This organ is then inserted into the female cloaca where sperm is able to flow and meet the female gametes Reptile,2014. These narrow tubescarry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Once further development occurs and nephric tissue develops around the bud it stats to grow and forming the metanephric duct, which becomes the ureter. An accessory sex organ in some reptiles and snakes was a hemipenis. Seminal Vesciles- The accessory urinary ducts, collect and transport urine from the kidneys.
Both ends then fuse to form and produce the pronephric duct, which drains into the cloaca. The hemipenis is an elongated tubular structure lying in the tails of snakes and lizards. Now solely used for the connection it makes between the testis and primary sperm-conducting duct. Once the 8th week of development occurs all degeneration has occurred leaving only the mesonephic ducts, which are present in the male genital ducts. When STIs spread to the reproductive organs, they can be associated with severe morbidity and loss of fertility. During 2007 in the United States, doctor office visits for UTIs exceeded 10 million, and an additional 2—3 million emergency department visits were attributed to UTIs. The bladder's walls relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra.
