In literature, a static character is a type of character who does not undergo significant development or change throughout the course of a story. Static characters are often contrasted with dynamic characters, who do undergo significant development or change.
Static characters can serve a variety of purposes in literature. For example, they can serve as a foil for a dynamic character, highlighting the changes and developments that the dynamic character undergoes. Static characters can also provide a sense of stability and continuity in a story, acting as a constant against which the changes of other characters can be measured.
One of the most famous examples of a static character in literature is Ebenezer Scrooge from Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol." Scrooge is a miserly, cold-hearted man at the beginning of the story, and while he undergoes a transformation and becomes a kinder, more compassionate person by the end of the story, he remains essentially the same person throughout. His transformation is largely external, and he does not undergo significant internal change.
Static characters can also be used to represent certain themes or ideas in a story. For example, in F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby," the character of Tom Buchanan is a static character who represents the corruption and decadence of the upper class. Tom does not undergo any significant change or development throughout the course of the story, and his static nature serves to highlight the superficiality and moral decay of the society in which he lives.
In summary, static characters are an important element of literature, and can serve a variety of purposes within a story. While they may not undergo significant development or change, they can provide a sense of stability, serve as a foil for dynamic characters, and represent certain themes or ideas within a story.