The primary cardinal vowels are a set of vowel sounds that serve as reference points for vowel pronunciation in linguistics. They are used to describe the vowel sounds of a language in a systematic and standardized way.
There are eight primary cardinal vowels, which are represented by the symbols /i/, /e/, /æ/, /a/, /ɑ/, /o/, /ɔ/, and /u/. These symbols are known as the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols for the primary cardinal vowels.
/i/ is a high front vowel sound that is pronounced with the lips in a close, rounded position. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English word "bee," but it is pronounced with more lip rounding.
/e/ is a high-mid front vowel sound that is pronounced with the lips in an open, unrounded position. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English word "bed," but it is pronounced with more openness and less lip rounding.
/æ/ is a low front vowel sound that is pronounced with the lips in an open, unrounded position. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English word "cat," but it is pronounced with more openness and less lip rounding.
/a/ is a low central vowel sound that is pronounced with the lips in an open, unrounded position. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English word "cot," but it is pronounced with more openness and less lip rounding.
/É‘/ is a low back vowel sound that is pronounced with the lips in an open, unrounded position. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English word "cot," but it is pronounced with more openness and less lip rounding.
/o/ is a mid back vowel sound that is pronounced with the lips in a close, rounded position. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English word "go," but it is pronounced with more lip rounding.
/É”/ is a low-mid back vowel sound that is pronounced with the lips in a close, rounded position. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English word "got," but it is pronounced with more lip rounding.
/u/ is a high back vowel sound that is pronounced with the lips in a close, rounded position. It is similar to the vowel sound in the English word "boo," but it is pronounced with more lip rounding.
The primary cardinal vowels are used as a reference point for vowel sounds in different languages, as they are considered to be the most basic and pure vowel sounds. They are used as a starting point for describing the vowel sounds of a particular language, and any deviations from these sounds can be noted.
In summary, the primary cardinal vowels are a set of standardized vowel sounds that are used as a reference point for describing the vowel sounds of a language in a systematic way. They are represented by the IPA symbols /i/, /e/, /æ/, /a/, /ɑ/, /o/, /ɔ/, and /u/, and are considered to be the most basic and pure vowel sounds.