Personal ethical egoism is the ethical belief that an individual ought to prioritize their own self-interest above the interests of others. This means that a person who subscribes to this belief believes that they should act in ways that benefit themselves, even if it comes at the expense of others.
Ethical egoism is often contrasted with other ethical theories such as utilitarianism and deontology, which hold that the moral value of an action is determined by its consequences for the overall well-being of society or by the adherence to a set of moral rules, respectively. In contrast, ethical egoism argues that the moral value of an action is determined by its consequences for the individual who performs it.
There are several different forms of ethical egoism, including personal ethical egoism and societal ethical egoism. Personal ethical egoism is the belief that an individual should always act in their own self-interest, regardless of the consequences for others. Societal ethical egoism, on the other hand, is the belief that society as a whole will be better off if everyone acts in their own self-interest.
One argument in favor of personal ethical egoism is that it is natural for people to act in their own self-interest. This argument suggests that it is only logical for individuals to prioritize their own needs and desires, as this is the most basic instinct of any living being.
However, this argument has been met with criticism. Opponents of ethical egoism argue that it is not always in an individual's best interest to prioritize their own self-interest. For example, if everyone in society were to act solely in their own self-interest, it could lead to a lack of cooperation and a breakdown of social order.
Additionally, personal ethical egoism can lead to a lack of empathy and a disregard for the well-being of others. This can create conflicts and contribute to a more selfish and self-centered society.
In conclusion, personal ethical egoism is the belief that an individual ought to prioritize their own self-interest above the interests of others. While it may seem natural to act in one's own self-interest, it can also lead to conflicts and a lack of empathy towards others. It is important to consider the consequences of one's actions for both oneself and others when making ethical decisions.