"Ozymandias" is a poem written by Percy Bysshe Shelley, first published in 1818. The title refers to the Greek name for Ramesses II, a pharaoh of ancient Egypt who was known for his grandiose building projects. The poem is written in the form of a sonnet, a poetic form consisting of 14 lines of iambic pentameter, and it presents a dramatic monologue spoken by a traveler who has come across the ruins of a statue in the desert.
The poem begins with the traveler describing the statue, which he says is "two vast and trunkless legs of stone" standing in the desert. The statue is so massive that it seems to be part of the landscape itself, and the traveler marvels at its size and grandeur. He then describes the inscription on the pedestal of the statue, which reads: "My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: / Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" The inscription is a boastful declaration of the pharaoh's power and greatness, but the irony of the poem is that the statue is now just a ruin, with no trace of the mighty kingdom it once represented.
The poem's central theme is the fleeting nature of power and the ultimate futility of trying to achieve lasting greatness. Despite Ozymandias's grandiose declaration, his kingdom and his power have long since vanished, and all that remains is a lifeless statue in the desert. The traveler's words "nothing beside remains" highlight the impermanence of all earthly achievements, and the poem serves as a warning against the dangers of hubris and the need to be humble in the face of the passage of time.
The poem is also an exploration of the relationship between power and art. The statue of Ozymandias is a masterpiece of sculptural art, and its size and grandeur are meant to reflect the pharaoh's power and status. However, the statue is now just a ruin, and the art that was meant to glorify the pharaoh has outlived him. This suggests that art has a power and a beauty that can transcend the temporary nature of earthly power.
Overall, "Ozymandias" is a powerful and thought-provoking poem that explores the themes of power, art, and the fleeting nature of human achievement. Its dramatic monologue structure and use of irony effectively convey the poem's central message, and it remains a timeless classic that continues to be studied and admired by readers around the world.