The ancient Sumerian civilization, which flourished in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) around 4000 BC, is known for its impressive advances in agriculture, architecture, and government. One of the most notable features of Sumerian civilization was the development of the city-state, which was a city that functioned as a self-governing political entity with its own rulers and laws.
There were several ways in which Sumerian cities were alike. First and foremost, all Sumerian cities were built around a central temple complex, which served as the religious and political center of the city. The temple was typically dedicated to the city's patron deity, and it was here that the city's ruler, who was often the high priest of the temple, conducted important ceremonies and made important decisions.
Another way in which Sumerian cities were alike was in their system of government. All Sumerian cities were ruled by a monarchy, with the king serving as the chief executive and lawgiver. The king was advised by a council of nobles and priests, who helped him make important decisions and administer justice.
Sumerian cities were also alike in their economic systems. All Sumerian cities were built on the principles of agriculture and trade, and they relied heavily on the production and exchange of goods such as grain, textiles, and metalwork. The Sumerians were skilled craftsmen and merchants, and their cities were centers of economic activity.
Finally, Sumerian cities were alike in their social structure. All Sumerian cities were divided into classes, with the king and nobles at the top, followed by the priests, scribes, and craftsmen. Slaves and serfs made up the lowest class, and they were often owned by the wealthier members of society.
In conclusion, Sumerian cities were alike in their central temple complexes, systems of government, economic systems, and social structures. These shared characteristics helped to define the Sumerian civilization and contributed to its success as one of the world's first great civilizations.