Aggregate expenditure is a term used in economics to describe the total amount of money that households, businesses, and the government spend on goods and services in an economy. It is a key component of aggregate demand, which is the total demand for goods and services in an economy.
There are four components of aggregate expenditure: consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. Consumption refers to the amount of money that households spend on goods and services. Investment refers to the amount of money that businesses spend on capital goods, such as machinery and equipment. Government spending refers to the amount of money that the government spends on goods and services, including infrastructure and social programs. Net exports refer to the difference between the value of a country's exports and the value of its imports.
Aggregate expenditure is a critical concept in economics because it determines the level of economic activity in an economy. When aggregate expenditure is high, businesses will experience increased demand for their products, which can lead to higher production and employment. On the other hand, when aggregate expenditure is low, businesses may experience a decrease in demand for their products, which can lead to lower production and unemployment.
In addition to its role in determining economic activity, aggregate expenditure is also an important factor in determining the level of inflation in an economy. When aggregate expenditure is high, businesses may experience increased demand for their products, which can lead to higher prices. On the other hand, when aggregate expenditure is low, businesses may experience a decrease in demand for their products, which can lead to lower prices.
In conclusion, aggregate expenditure is a key concept in economics that refers to the total amount of money spent on goods and services in an economy. It is determined by the level of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports and plays a critical role in determining the level of economic activity and inflation in an economy.
28.2 The Aggregate Expenditures Model
In this section we shall see how to derive the aggregate demand curve from the aggregate expenditures model. C + I + G , and it applies when expenditure decreases as well as when it increases. The model is used to show how increases in aggregate demand leads to increases in prices inflation and in output. On the other hand, if inventories fall more than expected, then actual investment will be less than planned investment. Physical and human capital improvements with technological advances will increase overall productivity and, thus, GDP. His chief economic adviser, Walter Heller, defended the tax cut idea before Congress and introduced what was politically a novel concept: the multiplier.
The lower the price level, the higher the aggregate expenditures curve and the higher the equilibrium level of real GDP. Thus, the intercept of the aggregate expenditures curve in Panel b is the sum of the four autonomous aggregate expenditures components: consumption C a , planned investment I P , government purchases G , and net exports X n. Thus, the greater the multiplier, the greater will be the impact on income of a change in autonomous aggregate expenditures. Even as the U. Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand In economics, the aggregate supply AS is the total supply of goods and services that firms in an economy produce during a specific time period. .
Many great economists have thought about this same question. The former do not vary with GDP; the latter do. In the sub-specialty deemed national income accounting, the market value of all products and services is summed to estimate gross national income, the aggregate wealth produced by the country. The implied multiplier is thus 1. But consumption contains an autonomous component as well. But, as wealth decreases, aggregate expenditure is likely to decrease as the household now has a smaller safety net. As the real interest rate increases, the cost of borrowing will increase.
Aggregate expenditure : definition of Aggregate expenditure and synonyms of Aggregate expenditure (English)
The level of investment firms intend to make in a period is called I P and unplanned investment I U. Retrieved 13 November 2011. It is also known as the Keynesian cross model because it traces its roots to the work of the well-known British economist John Maynard Keynes. The aggregate expenditure is one of the methods that is used to calculate the total sum of all the economic activities in an economy, also known as the gross domestic product GDP. Each person who receives an additional dollar faces this choice.
AE does not equal real GDP. Compare, for example, your productivity in typing a term paper on a typewriter to working on your laptop with word processing software. The steeper the aggregate expenditures curve, the larger the multiplier; the flatter the aggregate expenditures curve, the smaller the multiplier. These factors were summarized in the earlier discussion of consumption. In either case, current disposable income will have a greater impact on aggregate expenditure than future income. When the economy is in a recession, the government will try to boost aggregate expenditures to get the economy back on track.
Aggregate Expenditure: Investment, Government Spending, and Net Exports
If exports are greater than imports, the number is positive, but if imports are greater than exports, the number is negative. If so, they enter the aggregate expenditures function in the same way that investment did. The consumption function relates the level of consumption in a period to the level of disposable personal income in that period. So, what happens if there is an increase in planned investment? The slope of the investment function is zero, indicating no relationship between GDP and investment. It shifts to the left when it decreases which shows a fall in output and prices. It is used to determine and graph the real GPD, potential GDP, and point of equilibrium.
Defining Aggregate Expenditure: Components and Comparison to GDP
Knowing where incomes are trending, the aggregate expenditure model can therefore be employed to predict the direction GDP is moving in the coming quarter or year. Finally, net exports are included, but this encompasses the value of imports, which is subtracted from the value of all exports to ensure that one is accounting for money coming into the nation only. The investment expenditure can be further divided into two parts, planned investment and unplanned investment. Any increase in government spending on purchasing goods is a direct increase in total spending. This includes all final goods and services that consumers buy.
The multiplier effect works because a change in autonomous aggregate expenditures causes a change in real GDP and disposable personal income, inducing a further change in the level of aggregate expenditures, which creates still more GDP and thus an even higher level of aggregate expenditures. As a result, the economy is always moving towards an equilibrium between the aggregate expenditure and aggregate supply. The government can spend money on building new infrastructure projects. If so, you are definitely not alone. Economic Equilibrium An economy is said to be at equilibrium when aggregate expenditure is equal to the aggregate supply production in the economy. Comparison to GDP The aggregate expenditure is one of the methods that is used to calculate the total sum of all the economic activities in an economy, also known as the gross domestic product GDP. The equilibrium point is where the blue line intersects with the black line.
