Personality development refers to the way in which an individual's personality emerges and changes over the course of their lifetime. There are many theories that have been proposed to explain personality development, and in this essay, we will compare three of the most influential and widely studied theories: psychoanalytic theory, humanistic theory, and social cognitive theory.
Psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts and desires in shaping personality. According to Freud, personality is made up of three main components: the id, ego, and superego. The id is the unconscious, primal part of the personality that seeks immediate gratification of its desires and impulses. The ego is the rational, logical part of the personality that mediates between the id and the outside world. The superego is the moral component of the personality that internalizes societal rules and values. Freud believed that the interplay between these three components is what drives personality development, and that conflicts between them can lead to psychological issues such as neurosis.
Humanistic theory, developed by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, takes a more positive view of personality development. This theory emphasizes the individual's innate drive towards self-actualization, or the realization of one's full potential. According to humanistic theory, people are naturally motivated to grow and develop, and the key to healthy personality development is the ability to be self-aware and self-accepting. Maslow and Rogers believed that individuals need to have their basic needs met and feel a sense of belonging and self-esteem in order to fully realize their potential.
Social cognitive theory, developed by Albert Bandura, focuses on the role of social influences and learning in personality development. This theory emphasizes the importance of observing and imitating others, as well as the influence of cognitive processes such as attention, perception, and memory. According to social cognitive theory, personality is shaped by the interactions an individual has with their environment and the mental processes they use to make sense of those interactions.
In conclusion, these three theories of personality development offer different perspectives on the factors that shape an individual's personality. Psychoanalytic theory focuses on unconscious drives and conflicts, humanistic theory emphasizes self-actualization and self-acceptance, and social cognitive theory highlights the role of social influences and learning. While each of these theories has its own unique insights, they can also be seen as complementary, with each contributing to our understanding of personality development.
Compare And Contrast Personality And Humanistic Theories...
The id always seeks pleasure. Structuralist personality theory personality structure According to this model personality, it consists of id, ego, superego. The paper should be at least seven pages double spaced; although, you will probably need to go beyond seven pages to explain all aspects of your theory. Children ought to learn to take pride in their work through well cultivated attitudes. These rewards and punishments occur as a consequence of their actions the basis of operant conditioning. For example, intelligence, temperament, habits, skills, attitudes, and traits.
Theories of Personality
Humans have an ideal self, or who we would like to be, and a real self, or who we actually are. Cognitive theories of personality are both nomothetic and idiographic. This argument stimulated the field of personality research to elucidate the interaction of the person within the situation as opposed to focusing on person variables. In the early stages of life, a child tends to emotionally attach to the mother because of the influence the mother has on it. The idiographic view assumes that each person has a unique psychological structure and that some traits are possessed by only one person; and that there are times when it is impossible to compare one person with others. This interactionist approach may, therefore, be much more valid than either a biological or environmental theory alone. His work and theories have helped shape our views of personality, levels of consciousness and unconsciousness mind, the structure of personality and the development of personality.
3 Theories of Personality Development and How to Apply Them
This might help to explain why some people are more resistant to changing their prejudiced views. The child achieves class inclusion, mental representation and has concrete operation as well as reversibility. In this case, the two theories believe that there is a compelling force behind the behaviour of an organism, other that the organism itself. The idiographic goal is to find ways to study all of the differences and variations that we can find in human personality. Ultimately, Cattell identified Then, he separated them into source and surface traits, which are respectively harder and easier to detect, but respectively more and less important to describing personality. Heider developed the notion of phenomenal causality, which is the perception of causality that leads to judgment and action. In A textbook of human psychology pp.
Comparing and Contrasting Two Theories of Personality: Psychoanalytical Theory vs. Behavioral Theory
In this case, the behaviourist is not concerned a lot about the unconscious Skinner 1984, p. Developed by norms and values of society, it is divided into two sub-components, the conscience, acquired by punishment, and ego-ideal, approval and reward. Each perspective describes in detail what helps compare and contrast individuals to one another. The first stage is the oral stage, which is the main function of newborns. In addition, they also help us to predict how we react to problems, situations, and other people Gazzaniga 2010.
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