Shakespearean sonnets, also known as Elizabethan sonnets, are 14-line poems that follow a specific rhyme scheme and structure. These sonnets, which were popular in England during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, were most famously written by William Shakespeare himself.
One of the most distinctive characteristics of Shakespearean sonnets is their rhyme scheme. The rhyme scheme of a Shakespearean sonnet is abab cdcd efef gg. This means that the first and third lines rhyme, as do the second and fourth lines, and so on. The rhyme scheme is consistent throughout the entire sonnet, with each quatrain (a group of four lines) following the same rhyme pattern.
Another notable characteristic of Shakespearean sonnets is their strict metrical structure. These sonnets are written in iambic pentameter, which means that each line consists of 10 syllables with a rhythmic pattern of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. This rhythmic pattern, known as a "foot," is repeated five times in each line, giving the sonnet its name of "pentameter."
In addition to their formal structure, Shakespearean sonnets often have a specific theme or subject matter. Many of Shakespeare's sonnets explore themes of love, relationships, and the passage of time. These sonnets often feature a speaker addressing a loved one or a close friend, and they often contain expressions of deep emotion and longing.
One of the most famous examples of a Shakespearean sonnet is Sonnet 18, which begins with the famous lines "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This sonnet, which is considered one of Shakespeare's most famous and enduring works, explores the themes of beauty and eternal love.
Overall, Shakespearean sonnets are characterized by their strict rhyme scheme, metrical structure, and themes of love and relationships. These sonnets continue to be read and studied today for their enduring beauty and insight into the human experience.