Aliaga and Gunderson's 2002 article, "Quantitative Research: An Introduction," provides a comprehensive overview of the principles and practices of quantitative research. The authors define quantitative research as "the systematic, empirical investigation of phenomena by collecting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data" (Aliaga & Gunderson, 2002, p. 2).
One of the key features of quantitative research is its reliance on objective measurement and statistical analysis. This allows researchers to draw valid conclusions about the relationships between variables, and to generalize their findings to a wider population. In order to ensure the integrity and rigor of their studies, quantitative researchers follow a set of well-defined steps, known as the scientific method. This includes formulating a research question or hypothesis, designing a study to test the hypothesis, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions based on the results.
Aliaga and Gunderson emphasize the importance of carefully planning and executing quantitative research studies, in order to minimize the potential for bias and error. They discuss a range of research designs, including experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational, and explain how each type is used to answer different types of research questions. They also delve into the use of sampling techniques, such as random sampling, to ensure that the study's results are representative of the larger population.
One of the main advantages of quantitative research is its ability to provide precise and reliable results that can be easily replicated by other researchers. However, the authors also caution that quantitative research has its limitations, and that other approaches, such as qualitative research, may be needed to provide a more complete understanding of certain phenomena.
Overall, Aliaga and Gunderson's 2002 article provides a thorough and accessible introduction to the principles and practices of quantitative research. It is a valuable resource for researchers and students alike, and serves as a useful reference for anyone interested in understanding the key concepts and methods of this important research approach.